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1 adopted
adopt·ed[əˈdɒptɪd, AM -ˈdɑ:pt-]1. (into a family) adoptiert, Adoptiv-\adopted child Adoptivkind nt2. (selected) Wahl-Rome is her \adopted city sie ist Wahlrömerinto be sb's \adopted country jds Wahlheimat sein* * *[ə'dɒptɪd]adjAdoptiv-, adoptiertadopted child — Adoptivkind nt
her adopted country/home town — ihre Wahlheimat
* * *his adopted country seine Wahlheimat* * *(assumed, presumed, supposed) pret.nahm an prät. adj.adoptiert adj.angenommen adj. -
2 adoption
adoption [adɔpsjɔ̃]feminine nouna. [d'enfant] adoptionb. [de loi, motion] passing* * *adɔpsjɔ̃nom féminin gén, Droit adoption; ( de loi) passing* * *adɔpsjɔ̃ nf1) [enfant] adoption2) [mesure, amendement] adoption, [loi] passing3) [attitude, stratégie, méthode] adoption* * *adoption nf1 Jur adoption;2 ( par choix) adoption; pays/famille d'adoption adopted country/family; Anglais d'adoption English by adoption;3 ( de loi) passing; (de proposition, politique, réforme, texte) adoption.[adɔpsjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [d'un enfant] adoption————————d'adoption locution adjectivale[pays] adoptedc'est un Parisien d'adoption he's Parisian by adoption, he's adopted Paris as his home town -
3 Heathcote, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 7 August 1783 Duffield, Derbyshire, Englandd. 18 January 1861 Tiverton, Devonshire, England[br]English inventor of the bobbin-net lace machine.[br]Heathcote was the son of a small farmer who became blind, obliging the family to move to Long Whatton, near Loughborough, c.1790. He was apprenticed to W.Shepherd, a hosiery-machine maker, and became a frame-smith in the hosiery industry. He moved to Nottingham where he entered the employment of an excellent machine maker named Elliott. He later joined William Caldwell of Hathern, whose daughter he had married. The lace-making apparatus they patented jointly in 1804 had already been anticipated, so Heathcote turned to the problem of making pillow lace, a cottage industry in which women made lace by arranging pins stuck in a pillow in the correct pattern and winding around them thread contained on thin bobbins. He began by analysing the complicated hand-woven lace into simple warp and weft threads and found he could dispense with half the bobbins. The first machine he developed and patented, in 1808, made narrow lace an inch or so wide, but the following year he made much broader lace on an improved version. In his second patent, in 1809, he could make a type of net curtain, Brussels lace, without patterns. His machine made bobbin-net by the use of thin brass discs, between which the thread was wound. As they passed through the warp threads, which were arranged vertically, the warp threads were moved to each side in turn, so as to twist the bobbin threads round the warp threads. The bobbins were in two rows to save space, and jogged on carriages in grooves along a bar running the length of the machine. As the strength of this fabric depended upon bringing the bobbin threads diagonally across, in addition to the forward movement, the machine had to provide for a sideways movement of each bobbin every time the lengthwise course was completed. A high standard of accuracy in manufacture was essential for success. Called the "Old Loughborough", it was acknowledged to be the most complicated machine so far produced. In partnership with a man named Charles Lacy, who supplied the necessary capital, a factory was established at Loughborough that proved highly successful; however, their fifty-five frames were destroyed by Luddites in 1816. Heathcote was awarded damages of £10,000 by the county of Nottingham on the condition it was spent locally, but to avoid further interference he decided to transfer not only his machines but his entire workforce elsewhere and refused the money. In a disused woollen factory at Tiverton in Devonshire, powered by the waters of the river Exe, he built 300 frames of greater width and speed. By continually making inventions and improvements until he retired in 1843, his business flourished and he amassed a large fortune. He patented one machine for silk cocoon-reeling and another for plaiting or braiding. In 1825 he brought out two patents for the mechanical ornamentation or figuring of lace. He acquired a sound knowledge of French prior to opening a steam-powered lace factory in France. The factory proved to be a successful venture that lasted many years. In 1832 he patented a monstrous steam plough that is reputed to have cost him over £12,000 and was claimed to be the best in its day. One of its stated aims was "improved methods of draining land", which he hoped would develop agriculture in Ireland. A cable was used to haul the implement across the land. From 1832 to 1859, Heathcote represented Tiverton in Parliament and, among other benefactions, he built a school for his adopted town.[br]Bibliography1804, with William Caldwell, British patent no. 2,788 (lace-making machine). 1808. British patent no. 3,151 (machine for making narrow lace).1809. British patent no. 3,216 (machine for making Brussels lace). 1813, British patent no. 3,673.1825, British patent no. 5,103 (mechanical ornamentation of lace). 1825, British patent no. 5,144 (mechanical ornamentation of lace).Further ReadingV.Felkin, 1867, History of the Machine-wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufacture, Nottingham (provides a full account of Heathcote's early life and his inventions).A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London (provides more details of his later years).W.G.Allen, 1958 John Heathcote and His Heritage (biography).M.R.Lane, 1980, The Story of the Steam Plough Works, Fowlers of Leeds, London (for comments about Heathcote's steam plough).W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London, and C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History ofTechnology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (both describe the lace-making machine).RLH -
4 Fairbairn, Sir Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. September 1799 Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotlandd. 4 January 1861 Leeds, Yorkshire, England[br]British inventor of the revolving tube between drafting rollers to give false twist.[br]Born of Scottish parents, Fairbairn was apprenticed at the age of 14 to John Casson, a mill-wright and engineer at the Percy Main Colliery, Newcastle upon Tyne, and remained there until 1821 when he went to work for his brother William in Manchester. After going to various other places, including Messrs Rennie in London and on the European continent, he eventually moved in 1829 to Leeds where Marshall helped him set up the Wellington Foundry and so laid the foundations for the colossal establishment which was to employ over one thousand workers. To begin with he devoted his attention to improving wool-weaving machinery, substituting iron for wood in the construction of the textile machines. He also worked on machinery for flax, incorporating many of Philippe de Girard's ideas. He assisted Henry Houldsworth in the application of the differential to roving frames, and it was to these machines that he added his own inventions. The longer fibres of wool and flax need to have some form of support and control between the rollers when they are being drawn out, and inserting a little twist helps. However, if the roving is too tightly twisted before passing through the first pair of rollers, it cannot be drawn out, while if there is insufficient twist, the fibres do not receive enough support in the drafting zone. One solution is to twist the fibres together while they are actually in the drafting zone between the rollers. In 1834, Fairbairn patented an arrangement consisting of a revolving tube placed between the drawing rollers. The tube inserted a "middle" or "false" twist in the material. As stated in the specification, it was "a well-known contrivance… for twisting and untwisting any roving passing through it". It had been used earlier in 1822 by J. Goulding of the USA and a similar idea had been developed by C.Danforth in America and patented in Britain in 1825 by J.C. Dyer. Fairbairn's machine, however, was said to make a very superior article. He was also involved with waste-silk spinning and rope-yarn machinery.Fairbairn later began constructing machine tools, and at the beginning of the Crimean War was asked by the Government to make special tools for the manufacture of armaments. He supplied some of these, such as cannon rifling machines, to the arsenals at Woolwich and Enfield. He then made a considerable number of tools for the manufacture of the Armstrong gun. He was involved in the life of his adopted city and was elected to Leeds town council in 1832 for ten years. He was elected an alderman in 1854 and was Mayor of Leeds from 1857 to 1859, when he was knighted by Queen Victoria at the opening of the new town hall. He was twice married, first to Margaret Kennedy and then to Rachel Anne Brindling.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1858.Bibliography1834, British patent no. 6,741 (revolving tube between drafting rollers to give false twist).Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.Obituary, 1861, Engineer 11.W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (provides a brief account of Fairbairn's revolving tube).C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vols IV and V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (provides details of Fairbairn's silk-dressing machine and a picture of a large planing machine built by him).RLH -
5 втори
secondвтори номер number twoвтора страница page twoвтори том volume twoАлександър II Alexander the second(за баща, майка) adoptiveвтори баща stepfather, foster-fatherвтори балкон театр. upper circleвтори по големина second largestвтори по старшинство воен. second in commandвтори след next to (по in)втори град по големина след next town to Х in sizeвтори съм след stand second toтой е лъжец, какъвто втори няма he is a liar, if ever there was oneвтора класа second classав. economyбилет втора класа a second-class ticketвтора коректура reviseвтората половина на юни the latter half/part of Juneвтора природа second natureот втора ръка at second hand, vicariouslyприл. secondhandна втора степен мат. squareвтора цигулка second-fiddleвторо качество second grade/qualityприл. second-rateнещо второ качество a second-bestвторо място след a place second toна второ място secondly, in the second placeзаемам второ място сп. rank second ( след to)минавам на второ място drop to second placeвторо отечество an adopted countryвторо пришествие doomsday, second advent/coming* * *вто̀ри,редно числ., -а, -о, -и second; мат. half; Александър Втори истор. Alexander the Second; (за баща, майка) adoptive; \вториа класа second class; авиац. economy; \вториа коректура revise; \вториа природа second nature; \вториата половина на юни the latter half/part of June; \вториа цигулка second-fiddle (и прен.); \втории баща stepfather, foster-father; \втории балкон театр. upper circle; \втории номер number two; \втории по големина second largest; \втории по старшинство воен. second in command; \втори след next to (по in); \втории съм след stand second to; \втории том volume two; \вторио качество second grade/quality; прил. second-rate; \вторио място след a place second to; \вторио отечество adopted country; Второ пришествие рел. doomsday, second advent/coming; заемам \вторио място спорт. rank second ( след to); минавам на \вторио място drop to second place; на \вториа степен мат. square; на \втории март on the second of March; на \вторио място secondly, in the second place; на \вторио четене парлам. on a second reading; \вторио качество a second-best; няма \втории като него there isn’t the like of him anywhere; it would be hard to find his match; от \вториа ръка at second hand, vicariously; прил. secondhand; той е лъжец, какъвто \втории няма he is a liar, if ever there was one.* * *second: on the втори of March - на втори март; latter (последно споменатият)* * *1. (за баща, майка) adoptive 2. aв. economy 3. second 4. Александър II Alexander the second 5. ВТОРИ балкон театр. upper circle 6. ВТОРИ баща stepfather, foster-father 7. ВТОРИ град по големина след next town to Х in size 8. ВТОРИ номер number two 9. ВТОРИ по големина second largest 10. ВТОРИ по старшинство воен. second in command 11. ВТОРИ след next to (пo in) 12. ВТОРИ съм след stand second to 13. ВТОРИ том volume two 14. билет втора класа a second-class ticket 15. втора класа second class 16. втора коректура revise 17. втора природа second nature 18. втора страница page two 19. втора цигулка second-fiddle 20. втората половина на юни the latter half/part of June 21. второ качество second grade/quality 22. второ място след a place second to 23. второ отечество an adopted country 24. второ пришествие doomsday, second advent/coming 25. заемам второ място сп. rank second (след to) 26. минавам на второ място drop to second place 27. на ВТОРИ март on the second of March 28. на втора степен мат. square 29. на второ място secondly, in the second place 30. нещо второ качество a second-best 31. няма ВТОРИ като него there isn't the like of him anywhere;it would be hard to find his match 32. от втора ръка at second hand, vicariously 33. прил. second-rate 34. прил. secondhand 35. той е лъжец, какъвто ВТОРИ няма he is a liar, if ever there was one -
6 durch
I Präp. (+ Akk)1. räumlich, auch fig.: durch ( hindurch) through; ( quer) durch across; (kreuz und quer) all over; über / unter / zwischen etw. (Dat) durch over / under / between s.th.; durch die Luft fliegen fly through the air; durch die Fußgängerzone bummeln stroll through the pedestrian precinct; Bank1, dick I 8, mitten2. (von) Passiv: by3. (mittels) through, by, by means of; durch Zuhören through listening; ich habe sie durch meinen Freund kennen gelernt I met her through my boyfriend ( oder a friend of mine); etw. durch die Zeitung / durch Lautsprecher bekannt geben announce s.th. in the paper / over loudspeakers4. (infolge von) because of; durch Nachlässigkeit due to negligence; durch den Regen wird das Gras nass the grass gets wet from the rain, the rain makes the grass wet; Tod durch Ertrinken / Erfrieren death by drowning / from exposure6. zeitlich: through(out), during; das ganze Jahr durch throughout ( oder over) the whole year, all year (long); den ganzen Tag durch all day (long)II Adv. umg.1. durch sein (durchgekommen sein) be gone; ist der ICE schon durch? has the express train already left?4. durch sein Person, durch Schwierigkeiten etc.: be out of the wood(s); bei Krankheit: auch be over the worst; durch Prüfung: have made it, be through; durch sein mit einer Arbeit / einem Buch be finished (Am. auch through) with one’s work / have finished with ( oder reading) a book, Am. auch be through with a book; ich bin durch mit ihm oder er ist bei mir unten durch I’m through with him6. durch und durch completely,... through and through; Person: auch to the core; ein Politiker durch und durch a dyed-in-the-wool politician; ein Gentleman durch und durch a gentleman born and bred; durch und durch nass soaked to the skin, drenched; das geht einem durch und durch it goes right through you; Kälte: auch it chills you to the bone* * *through (Präp.); by means of (Präp.); through (Adv.); per (Präp.); by (Präp.); with (Präp.)* * *dụrch [dʊrç]1. prep +acc1) (räumlich = hindurch) throughmitten durch die Stadt — through the middle of the town
durch den Fluss waten — to wade across the river
durch die ganze Welt reisen — to travel all over the world or throughout the world
2) (= mittels, von) through, by (means of); (in Passivkonstruktion = von) by; (= über jdn/etw, mit jds Hilfe) through, via; (den Grund, die Ursache nennend) through, because ofTod durch Ertrinken/den Strang — death by drowning/hanging
Tod durch Erfrieren/Herzschlag etc — death from exposure/a heart attack etc
durch Zufall/das Los — by chance/lot
3) (= aufgrund, infolge von) due or owing to4) (Aus zeitlich) for2. adv1) (= hindurch) throughdie ganze Nacht durch — all through the night, throughout the night
durch und durch (kennen) — through and through; verlogen, überzeugt completely, utterly
See:→ auch durch sein* * *2) (by means of: He spoke to her over the telephone.) over3) (into from one direction and out of in the other: The water flows through a pipe.) through4) (from side to side or end to end of: He walked (right) through the town.) through5) (from the beginning to the end of: She read through the magazine.) through6) (because of: He lost his job through his own stupidity.) through7) (by way of: He got the job through a friend.) through8) (into and out of; from one side or end to the other; from beginning to end: He went straight/right through.) through* * *[ˈdʊrç]1. (räumlich: während) throughdirekt/quer \durch etw right through [the middle of] sth\durch einen Fluss waten to wade across a rivermitten \durch etw akk through the middle of sthetw \durch ein Sieb gießen to pass sth through a sieve2. (räumlich: durchquerend) through\durch ganz Deutschland/das ganze Land reisen to travel around [or all over] Germany/the countryauf seinen Reisen reiste er \durch das ganze Land on his travels he went all over the countrykreuz und quer \durch Europa reisen to travel around [or throughout] [or all over] Europe\durch die Stadt/die Straßen bummeln to stroll through the town/streets3. (zeitlich: hindurch) throughder Prozess ging \durch drei Instanzen the case lasted for [or took] three hearingsdamit kommen wir nicht \durch den Winter we won't last [or get through] the winter with that\durch zwei Jahre/Wochen for two years/weeks5. (modal: via) throughSie werden von mir \durch meinen Anwalt hören! you will be hearing from [me through] my lawyer!er ist \durch das Fernsehen bekannt geworden he became famous through televisionetw \durch Beziehungen/Freunde bekommen to get sth through connections/friendsetw \durch den Lautsprecher bekannt geben to announce sth through the loudspeakerjdm etw \durch die Post schicken to send sth to sb by post [or mail], to post sth to sb6. (mittels) by [means of]\durch dich bin ich zu einer neuen Wohnung gekommen! it's you I have to thank for the new flat!\durch die landesweite Fahndung konnten die Täter ausfindig gemacht werden thanks to a nationwide search the culprits were tracked downTod \durch Ertrinken/eine Giftinjektion/den Strang death by drowning/lethal injection/hangingetw \durch das Los entscheiden to decide sth by lot\durch [einen] Zufall by chance\durch Gottes Güte wurden sie gerettet they were saved by the grace of GodTausende wurden \durch das Erdbeben obdachlos thousands were made homeless by the earthquake\durch Bomben zerstört werden to be destroyed by bombs27 \durch 3 macht 9 27 divided by 3 is 9II. adv1. (zeitlich: hindurch) throughdie ganze Nacht \durch through[out] [or all through] the nightdie halbe Nacht \durch half the nightden ganzen Tag \durch all day [long], the whole day [through]die ganze Zeit \durch all the time, the whole timees ist schon 12 Uhr \durch it's already past [or BRIT a. gone] 12 [o'clock]3. (fam: räumlich: hindurch)▪ \durch etw \durch through sth▪ \durch sein to be throughwenn ihr \durch den Tunnel \durch seid, seid ihr fast da once you're through the tunnel you're nearly thereder Zug ist schon \durch the train has just passed throughBiberach? da sind wir schon lange \durch! Biberach? we passed that a long time ago!mit der Wirtschaftszeitung bin ich \durch I'm through with the financial paper fam▪ \durch sein Entwurf, Gesetz to have gone [or got] through; Antrag a. to have been approved▪ \durch sein to be [or have got] through▪ \durch sein to have pulled through, to be out of danger10. KOCHKein gut \durcher Käse (sl) a well mature cheese12.er ist \durch und \durch verlogen he is an out and out liarjdm \durch und \durch gehen to go right through sb figder Anblick ging mir \durch und \durch the sight chilled me through and throughjdn/etw \durch und \durch kennen to know sb/sth through and through [or inside and out]\durch und \durch überzeugt sein to be completely [or totally] [or utterly] convinced* * *1.1) (räumlich) throughdurch ganz Europa reisen — travel all over or throughout Europe
2) (modal) byetwas durch die Post schicken — send something by post (Brit.) or mail
etwas durch das Fernsehen bekannt geben — announce something on television
etwas durch jemanden bekommen — get or obtain something through somebody
2.zehn [geteilt] durch zwei — ten divided by two
1) (hindurch)das ganze Jahr durch — throughout the whole year; all year
2) (ugs.): (vorbei)es war 3 Uhr durch — it was past or gone 3 o'clock
3)durch und durch nass — wet through [and through]
er ist ein Lügner durch und durch — he's an out and out liar
4)[durch etwas] durch sein — be through or have got through [something]
ist die Post/der Briefträger schon durch? — has the postman (Brit.) or (Amer.) mailman been?
5)durch sein — (vorbeigefahren sein) <train, cyclist> have gone through; (abgefahren sein) <train, bus, etc.> have gone
6)durch sein — (fertig sein) have finished
durch/mit etwas durch — have got through something
7)durch sein — (durchgescheuert sein) have worn through
8)durch sein — (reif sein) < cheese> be ripe
9)durch sein — (durchgebraten sein) < meat> be well done
10)durch sein — (angenommen sein) <law, regulation> have gone through; <35-hour week etc.> have been adopted
11)durch sein — (gerettet sein) < sick or injured person> be out of danger
12)* * *A. präp (+akk)1. räumlich, auch fig:durch (hindurch) through;über/unter/zwischen etwas(dat)durch over/under/between sth;durch die Luft fliegen fly through the air;2. (von) passiv: by3. (mittels) through, by, by means of;durch Zuhören through listening;ich habe sie durch meinen Freund kennen gelernt I met her through my boyfriend ( oder a friend of mine);etwas durch die Zeitung/durch Lautsprecher bekannt geben announce sth in the paper/over loudspeakers4. (infolge von) because of;durch Nachlässigkeit due to negligence;durch den Regen wird das Gras nass the grass gets wet from the rain, the rain makes the grass wet;Tod durch Ertrinken/Erfrieren death by drowning/from exposure5. MATH:(geteilt) durch divided by6. zeitlich: through(out), during;das ganze Jahr durch throughout ( oder over) the whole year, all year (long);den ganzen Tag durch all day (long)B. adv umg1.durch sein (durchgekommen sein) be gone;ist der ICE schon durch? has the express train already left?2.durch sein Hose, Schuhe etc: be worn through, have had it3.4.durch sein Person, durch Schwierigkeiten etc: be out of the wood(s); bei Krankheit: auch be over the worst; durch Prüfung: have made it, be through;durch sein mit einer Arbeit/einem Buch be finished (US auch through) with one’s work/have finished with ( oder reading) a book, US auch be through with a book;er ist bei mir unten durch I’m through with himich esse mein Steak am liebsten durch I prefer (my) steak well-done6.durch und durch completely, … through and through; Person: auch to the core;ein Politiker durch und durch a dyed-in-the-wool politician;ein Gentleman durch und durch a gentleman born and bred;durch und durch nass soaked to the skin, drenched;das geht einem durch und durch it goes right through you; Kälte: auch it chills you to the bone7. umg:es ist acht Uhr durch it’s past ( oder gone) eight o’clock* * *1.1) (räumlich) throughdurch ganz Europa reisen — travel all over or throughout Europe
2) (modal) byetwas durch die Post schicken — send something by post (Brit.) or mail
etwas durch jemanden bekommen — get or obtain something through somebody
2.zehn [geteilt] durch zwei — ten divided by two
1) (hindurch)das ganze Jahr durch — throughout the whole year; all year
2) (ugs.): (vorbei)es war 3 Uhr durch — it was past or gone 3 o'clock
3)durch und durch nass — wet through [and through]
4)[durch etwas] durch sein — be through or have got through [something]
ist die Post/der Briefträger schon durch? — has the postman (Brit.) or (Amer.) mailman been?
5)durch sein — (vorbeigefahren sein) <train, cyclist> have gone through; (abgefahren sein) <train, bus, etc.> have gone
6)durch sein — (fertig sein) have finished
durch/mit etwas durch — have got through something
7)durch sein — (durchgescheuert sein) have worn through
8)durch sein — (reif sein) < cheese> be ripe
9)durch sein — (durchgebraten sein) < meat> be well done
10)durch sein — (angenommen sein) <law, regulation> have gone through; <35-hour week etc.> have been adopted
11)durch sein — (gerettet sein) < sick or injured person> be out of danger
12)* * *adj.through adj. adv.by courtesy of expr. präp.across prep.by prep.thru* (US) prep. -
7 Herschel, John Frederick William
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 7 March 1792 Slough, Englandd. 11 May 1871 Collingwood, England[br]English scientist who introduced "hypo" (thiosulphate) as a photographic fixative and discovered the blueprint process.[br]The only son of Sir William Herschel, the famous astronomer, John graduated from Cambridge in 1813 and went on to become a distinguished astronomer, mathematician and chemist. He left England in November 1833 to set up an observatory near Cape Town, South Africa, where he embarked on a study of the heavens in the southern hemisphere. He returned to England in the spring of 1838, and between 1850 and 1855 Herschel served as Master of the Royal Mint. He made several notable contributions to photography, perhaps the most important being his discovery in 1819 that hyposulphites (thiosulphates) would dissolve silver salts. He brought this property to the attention of W.H.F. Talbot, who in 1839 was using a common salt solution as a fixing agent for his early photographs. After trials, Talbot adopted "hypo", which was a far more effective fixative. It was soon adopted by other photographers and eventually became the standard photographic fixative, as it still is in the 1990s. After hearing of the first photographic process in January 1839, Herschel devised his own process within a week. In September 1839 he made the first photograph on glass. He is credited with introducing the words "positive", "negative" and "snapshot" to photography, and in 1842 he invented the cyanotype or "blueprint" process. This process was later to be widely adopted by engineers and architects for the reproduction of plans and technical drawings, a practice abandoned only in the late twentieth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order 1831. Baronet 1838. FRS 1813. Copley Medal 1821.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, 1968, Vol. IX, pp. 714–19.H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London; Larry J.Schaaf, 1992, Out of the Shadows: Herschel, Talbot and the Invention of Photography, Newhaven and London (for details of his contributions to photography and his relationship with Talbot).JWBiographical history of technology > Herschel, John Frederick William
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8 seguir
v.1 to follow.tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behindseguir algo de cerca to follow o monitor something closely (desarrollo, resultados)Ellos siguen la caravana They follow the convoy.Eso es lo que sigue That is what follows.2 to follow.me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed3 to continue, to resume.Me sigue el dolor My pain persists.4 to continue, to go on.¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!aquí se baja él, yo sigo he's getting out here, I'm going on (al taxista)sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factorydebes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing itsigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrongsigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?5 to keep on, to go along, to carry on, to continue.María se sigue haciendo daño Mary keeps on hurting herself.6 to continue to be, to continue being, to keep, to keep being.Las chicas siguen testarudas The girls continue to be stubborn.7 to obey, to keep.Las chicas siguen las reglas The girls obey the rules.8 to imitate, to follow.Los fanáticos siguen al cantante The fans imitate the singer.9 to come afterwards, to come next, to come after, to come along.Algo bueno sigue Something good comes afterwards.* * *(e changes to i in certain persons of certain tenses; gu changes to g before a and o)Present IndicativePast IndicativePresent SubjunctiveImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperative* * *verb1) to follow2) keep on3) pursue4) remain* * *1. VT1) (=perseguir) [+ persona, pista] to follow; [+ indicio] to follow up; [+ presa] to chase, pursueella llegó primero, seguida del embajador — she arrived first, followed by the ambassador
2) (=estar atento a) [+ programa de TV] to watch, follow; [+ programa de radio] to listen to, follow; [+ proceso, progreso] to monitor, follow up; [+ satélite] to trackesta exposición permite seguir paso a paso la evolución del artista — this exhibition allows the artist's development to be traced step by step
3) (=hacer caso de) [+ consejo] to follow, take; [+ instrucciones, doctrina, líder] to follow4) [+ rumbo, dirección] to followsiga esta calle y al final gire a la derecha — carry on up o follow this street and turn right at the end
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seguir su curso, el proyecto sigue su curso — the project is still on course, the project continues on (its) coursela enfermedad sigue su curso — the illness is taking o running its course
5) (=entender) [+ razonamiento] to follow¿me sigues? — are you with me?
6) (Educ) [+ curso] to take, do7) † [+ mujer] to court †2. VI1) (=continuar) to go on, carry on¿quieres que sigamos? — shall we go on?
¡siga! — (=hable) go on!, carry on; LAm (=pase) come in
¡síguele! — Méx go on!
"sigue" — [en carta] P.T.O.; [en libro] continued
2)adelante 1)los Juegos Olímpicos siguieron (adelante) a pesar del atentado — the Olympics went ahead despite the attack
3) [en estado, situación] to be still¿cómo sigue? — how is he?
que siga usted bien — keep well, look after yourself
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seguimos sin teléfono — we still haven't got a phone4)• seguir haciendo algo — to go on doing sth, carry on doing sth
siguió mirándola — he went on o carried on looking at her
el ordenador seguía funcionando — the computer carried on working, the computer was still working
5) (=venir a continuación) to follow, follow onentre otros ejemplos destacan los que siguen — amongst other examples, the following stand out
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seguir a algo, las horas que siguieron a la tragedia — the hours following o that followed the tragedy3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to followcamina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her
seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses — with the Japanese catching up on them all the time
el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again
2) <camino/ruta>siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge
3) ( en el tiempo) to followseguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody
4)a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to followb) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow5)a) <trámite/procedimiento> to followb) (Educ) < curso> to takeestoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course
6)a) <explicaciones/profesor> to followdicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up
¿me siguen? — are you with me?
b) ( permanecer atento a)2.no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program
seguir vi1)a) ( por un camino) to go onsiga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street
seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past
b)c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)siga por favor — come in, please
2) (en lugar, estado)¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?
sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever
si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...
si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way
3)a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persistb)seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)
4)a) (venir después, estar contiguo)un período de calma ha seguido a estos enfrentamientos — these clashes have been followed by a period of calm
b) historia/poema to continue3.¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?
seguirse v pron (en 3a pers)de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...
* * *= accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.Ex. So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.Ex. These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex. Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.Ex. An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.Ex. Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.Ex. It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.Ex. All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.Ex. Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.Ex. It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.Ex. There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.Ex. A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.Ex. Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.Ex. In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.Ex. The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.Ex. The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.Ex. He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.----* camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.* como siga así = at this rate.* como sigue = as follows.* debate + seguir = debate + rage.* difícil de seguir = heavy going.* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.* hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.* indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.* indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.* la vida + seguir = life + go on.* modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].* mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.* no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.* no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.* pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.* procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.* que sigue = ensuing.* que sigue una norma = compliant (with).* que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.* resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.* seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.* seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.* seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.* seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.* seguir al día = remain on top of.* seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.* seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.* seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.* seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.* seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.* seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.* seguir como antes = go on + as before.* seguir como modelo = pattern.* seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.* seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.* seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.* seguir con el control = stay in + control.* seguir con el mando = stay in + control.* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.* seguir considerando = consider + further.* seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.* seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.* seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.* seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.* seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.* seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.* seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.* seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.* seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).* seguir en existencia = remain + in being.* seguir en la brecha = soldier on.* seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.* seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.* seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.* seguir este camino = go along + this road.* seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.* seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.* seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.* seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.* seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.* seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.* seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.* seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.* seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.* seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.* seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.* seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.* seguir la marcha de = monitor.* seguir la moda = catch + the fever.* seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.* seguir la pista de = keep + track of.* seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.* seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.* seguirle la corriente a = play along with.* seguir levantado = stay up.* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.* seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.* seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.* seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.* seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* seguirse = ensue.* seguir siendo = remain.* seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.* seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.* seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.* seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.* seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.* seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.* seguir tratando = discuss + further.* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.* seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.* seguir una estrategia = take + tack.* seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.* seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.* seguir una táctica = take + tack.* seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.* seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.* seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.* seguir un consejo = take + advice.* seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.* seguir un método = take + approach.* seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.* seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.* seguir un patrón = conform to + image.* seguir un principio = adopt + convention.* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.* seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.* seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.* seguir viviendo = live on.* seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.* siguiendo = along.* siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.* si sigue así = at this rate.* si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.* tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to followcamina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her
seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses — with the Japanese catching up on them all the time
el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again
2) <camino/ruta>siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge
3) ( en el tiempo) to followseguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody
4)a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to followb) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow5)a) <trámite/procedimiento> to followb) (Educ) < curso> to takeestoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course
6)a) <explicaciones/profesor> to followdicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up
¿me siguen? — are you with me?
b) ( permanecer atento a)2.no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program
seguir vi1)a) ( por un camino) to go onsiga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street
seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past
b)c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)siga por favor — come in, please
2) (en lugar, estado)¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?
sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever
si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...
si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way
3)a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persistb)seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)
4)a) (venir después, estar contiguo)un período de calma ha seguido a estos enfrentamientos — these clashes have been followed by a period of calm
b) historia/poema to continue3.¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?
seguirse v pron (en 3a pers)de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...
* * *= accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.Ex: So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.
Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.Ex: These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex: Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.Ex: An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.Ex: Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.Ex: It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.Ex: All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.Ex: Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.Ex: It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.Ex: There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.Ex: A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.Ex: Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.Ex: In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.Ex: The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.Ex: The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.Ex: He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.* camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.* como siga así = at this rate.* como sigue = as follows.* debate + seguir = debate + rage.* difícil de seguir = heavy going.* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.* hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.* indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.* indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.* la vida + seguir = life + go on.* modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].* mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.* no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.* no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.* pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.* procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.* que sigue = ensuing.* que sigue una norma = compliant (with).* que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.* resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.* seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.* seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.* seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.* seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.* seguir al día = remain on top of.* seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.* seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.* seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.* seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.* seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.* seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.* seguir como antes = go on + as before.* seguir como modelo = pattern.* seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.* seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.* seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.* seguir con el control = stay in + control.* seguir con el mando = stay in + control.* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.* seguir considerando = consider + further.* seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.* seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.* seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.* seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.* seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.* seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.* seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.* seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.* seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).* seguir en existencia = remain + in being.* seguir en la brecha = soldier on.* seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.* seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.* seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.* seguir este camino = go along + this road.* seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.* seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.* seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.* seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.* seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.* seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.* seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.* seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.* seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.* seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.* seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.* seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.* seguir la marcha de = monitor.* seguir la moda = catch + the fever.* seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.* seguir la pista de = keep + track of.* seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.* seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.* seguirle la corriente a = play along with.* seguir levantado = stay up.* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.* seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.* seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.* seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.* seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* seguirse = ensue.* seguir siendo = remain.* seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.* seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.* seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.* seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.* seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.* seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.* seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.* seguir tratando = discuss + further.* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.* seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.* seguir una estrategia = take + tack.* seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.* seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.* seguir una táctica = take + tack.* seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.* seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.* seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.* seguir un consejo = take + advice.* seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.* seguir un método = take + approach.* seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.* seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.* seguir un patrón = conform to + image.* seguir un principio = adopt + convention.* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.* seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.* seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.* seguir viviendo = live on.* seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.* siguiendo = along.* siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.* si sigue así = at this rate.* si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.* tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.* * *vtA ‹persona/vehículo› to follow; ‹presa› to followsígame, por favor follow me, pleasela hizo seguir por un detective he had her followed by a detectivecamina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with hersiga (a) ese coche follow that car!creo que nos están siguiendo I think we're being followedla siguió con la mirada he followed her with his eyesle venían siguiendo los movimientos desde hacía meses they had been watching his movements for monthsseguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses with the Japanese catching up o gaining on them all the timela mala suerte la seguía a todas partes she was dogged by bad luck wherever she wentel que la sigue la consigue or la mata ( fam); if at first you don't succeed, try, try againB ‹camino/ruta›siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o take o follow this road as far as the bridgecontinuamos el viaje siguiendo la costa we continued our journey following the coastme paré a saludarla y seguí mi camino I stopped to say hello to her and went on my waysi se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira if you take this route you go through Capileiraseguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río we tracked the animal to the riverla enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is taking o running its normal courseel tour sigue la ruta de Bolívar the tour follows the route taken by Bolivarsiguiéndole los pasos al hermano mayor, decidió estudiar medicina following in his elder brother's footsteps, he decided to study medicineC (en el tiempo) to follow seguir A algo/algn to follow sth/sblos disturbios que siguieron a la manifestación the disturbances that followed the demonstrationel hermano que me sigue está en Asunción the brother who comes after me is in AsunciónD1 ‹instrucciones/consejo› to followtienes que seguir el dictamen de tu conciencia you must be guided by your conscience2 (basarse en) ‹autor/teoría/método› to followen su clasificación sigue a Sheldon he follows Sheldon in his classificationsus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico her sculptures are in the classical stylesigue a Kant she's a follower of Kant's philosophysigue las líneas establecidas por nuestro fundador it follows the lines laid down by our founderE1 ‹trámite/procedimiento› to followva a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial/una dieta hipocalórica you will have to undergo special treatment/follow a low-calorie dietse seguirá contra usted el procedimiento de suspensión del permiso de conducción steps will be taken leading to the withdrawal of your driver's license2 ( Educ) ‹curso› to takeestoy siguiendo un cursillo de fotografía I'm doing o taking a short photography course¿qué carrera piensas seguir? what are you thinking of studying o reading?F1 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to followdicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep upme cuesta seguir una conversación en francés I find it hard to follow a conversation in French¿me siguen? are you with me?2(permanecer atento a): no sigo ese programa I don't watch that program, I'm not following that programsigue atentamente el curso de los acontecimientos he's following the course of events very closelysigue paso a paso la vida de su ídolo she keeps track of every detail of her idol's lifeseguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo we are keeping careful track of its development, we are following its development very closely■ seguirviA1 (por un camino) to go onsiga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle keep o go straight on to the end of the streetsigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo go on down this street as far as the traffic lightsel tren sigue hasta Salto the train goes on to Saltodesde allí hay que seguir a pie/en mula from there you have to go on on foot/by mule2seguir adelante: ¿entienden? bien, entonces sigamos adelante do you understand? good, then let's carry onllueve ¿regresamos? — no, sigamos adelante it's raining, shall we go back? — no, let's go on o carry onresolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans3B(en un lugar, un estado): ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well¿sigues con la idea de mudarte? do you still intend to move?, are you still thinking of moving?sigo sin entender I still don't understandsigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre she's still single/as pretty as eversi sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long wayC1«tareas/investigaciones/rumores»: siguen las investigaciones en torno al crimen investigations are continuing into the crimesigue el buen tiempo en todo el país the good weather is continuing throughout the country, the whole country is still enjoying good weathersi siguen estos rumores if these rumors persist2 seguir + GER:sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gonesigue leyendo tú, Elsa you read now, Elsasi sigues molestando te voy a echar if you carry on being a nuisance, I'm going to send you outseguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way ( frml)D1(venir después, estar contiguo): lee lo que sigue read what follows, read what comes nextel capítulo que sigue the next chapterme bajo en la parada que sigue I get off at the next stopsigue una hora de música clásica there follows an hour of classical music2 «historia/poema» to continue¿cómo sigue la canción? how does the song go on?[ S ] sigue en la página 8 continued on page 8la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue the final list is as follows■ seguirse( en tercera persona) seguirse DE algo to follow FROM sthde esto se sigue que su muerte no fue accidental it follows from this that her death was not accidental* * *
seguir ( conjugate seguir) verbo transitivo
1 ‹persona/vehículo/presa› to follow;◊ camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her
2 ‹camino/ruta› to follow, go along;◊ siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o follow this road as far as the bridge;
la saludé y seguí mi camino I said hello to her and went on (my way);
la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is running its normal course
3
4
‹ tratamiento› to undergo
5 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow;◊ dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up
verbo intransitivo
1
siga derecho or todo recto keep o go straight on;
seguir de largo (AmL) to go straight pastb)
resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plansc) (Col, Ven) ( entrar):◊ siga por favor come in, please
2 (en lugar, estado):◊ ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?;
espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well;
sigue soltera she's still single;
si las cosas siguen así … if things carry on like this …
3 [tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia] to continue;
[ rumores] to persist;
seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way
4a) ( venir después):
el capítulo que sigue the next chapter
seguir
I verbo transitivo
1 to follow: ésta es la hermana que me sigue, she's the sister who comes after me
me sigue a todas partes, he follows me wherever I go
me seguía con la mirada, his eyes followed me
2 (comprender) to understand, follow: no soy capaz de seguir el argumento, I can't follow the plot
3 (una ruta, un camino, consejo) to follow
4 (el ritmo, la moda) to keep: no sigues el ritmo, you aren't keeping time
5 (el rastro, las huellas) to track
6 (una actividad) sigue un curso de informática, she's doing a computer course
II verbo intransitivo
1 (continuar) to keep (on), go on: seguiremos mañana, we'll continue tomorrow
siguen casados, they are still married
sigue tirando de la cuerda, keep (on) pulling at the rope ➣ Ver nota en continue y keep 2 (extenderse, llegar hasta) to stretch (out): los sembrados siguen hasta la ribera, the fields stretch down to the river-bank
' seguir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
atorarse
- continuar
- escala
- golpe
- impulsar
- juego
- profesar
- rastrear
- ritmo
- sino
- suceder
- trece
- adelante
- bordear
- camino
- cauce
- cerca
- línea
- llevar
- moda
- paso
- perro
- racha
- separar
- siga
- sigo
- trazar
- ver
English:
act on
- advice
- along
- carry on
- closely
- continue
- despite
- ensue
- fight on
- follow
- follow up
- forge
- get on
- go ahead
- go on
- go through with
- hope
- hotly
- keep
- keep on
- lead
- march on
- monitor
- move on
- obey
- pick up
- play on
- play upon
- practice
- practise
- press ahead
- proceed
- pursue
- push ahead
- push on
- rattle on
- reasoning
- run on
- send on
- shadow
- soldier on
- stalk
- stand
- stay out
- struggle on
- succeed
- tail
- take
- track
- trail
* * *♦ vt1. [ir detrás de, tomar la ruta de] to follow;tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind;síganme, por favor follow me, please;la generación que nos sigue o [m5] que sigue a la nuestra the next generation, the generation after us;sigue este sendero hasta llegar a un bosque follow this path until you come to a forest;seguir el rastro de alguien/algo to follow sb's/sth's tracks;siga la flecha [en letrero] follow the arrow2. [perseguir] to follow;me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed;seguir a alguien de cerca to tail sb;parece que le siguen los problemas trouble seems to follow him around wherever he goes;el que la sigue la consigue where there's a will there's a way3. [estar atento a, imitar, obedecer] to follow;seguían con la vista la trayectoria de la bola they followed the ball with their eyes;no seguimos ese programa we don't follow that programme;siempre sigue los dictámenes de la moda she always follows the latest fashion;los que siguen a Keynes followers of Keynes;el cuadro sigue una línea clásica the painting is classical in style;seguir las órdenes/instrucciones de alguien to follow sb's orders/instructions;sigue mi consejo y habla con ella take my advice and talk to her;siguiendo sus indicaciones, hemos cancelado el pedido we have cancelled the order as instructed4. [reanudar, continuar] to continue, to resume;yo seguí mi trabajo/camino I continued with my work/on my way;él siguió su discurso he continued o resumed his speech5. [comprender] [explicación, profesor, conferenciante] to follow;me costaba seguirle I found her hard to follow;¿me sigues? do you follow?, are you with me?6. [mantener, someterse a] to follow;hay que seguir un cierto orden you have to follow o do things in a certain order;seguiremos el procedimiento habitual we will follow the usual procedure;es difícil seguirle (el ritmo), va muy deprisa it's hard to keep up with him, he goes very quickly;los aspirantes elegidos seguirán un proceso de formación the chosen candidates will receive o undergo trainingsigue la carrera de medicina she's studying medicine♦ vi1. [proseguir, no detenerse] to continue, to go on;¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!;aquí se baja él, yo sigo [al taxista] he's getting out here, I'm going on;siga con su trabajo carry on with your work;el sendero sigue hasta la cima the path continues o carries on to the top;"sigue la crisis en la bolsa de Tokio" Tokyo stock market crisis continues;debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it;¿vas a seguir intentándolo? are you going to keep trying?;se seguían viendo de vez en cuando they still saw each other from time to time, they continued to see each other from time to time;seguir adelante (con algo) [con planes, proyectos] to go ahead (with sth)2. [mantenerse, permanecer]sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital;¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?;todo sigue igual everything's still the same, nothing has changed;sigue el buen tiempo en el sur del país the good weather in the south of the country is continuing;sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory;¿la sigues queriendo? do you still love her?;sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong;sigue habiendo dudas sobre… doubts remain about…;¡buen trabajo, sigue así! good work, keep it up!;si seguimos jugando así, ganaremos la liga if we carry on o keep playing like that, we'll win the league;Fama seguir bien [como despedida] take care, look after yourself;de seguir así las cosas, si las cosas siguen así if things go on like this, the way things are goingseguiremos hacia el este we'll go east then;siga todo recto go straight on;siga hasta el siguiente semáforo carry on till you get to the next set of traffic lights4. [sucederse, ir después] to follow;lo que sigue es una cita del Corán the following is a quotation from the Koran;seguir a algo to follow sth;la lluvia siguió a los truenos the thunder was followed by rain;¿cómo sigue el chiste? how does the joke go on o continue?;el proceso de selección se realizará como sigue:… the selection process will be carried out as follows:…;sigue en la página 20 [en periódico, libro] continued on page 20con permiso, ¿puedo entrar? – siga excuse me, can I come in? – please do* * *I v/tseguir a alguien follow s.o.2 ( permanecer):seguir fiel a alguien remain faithful to s.o.II v/i continue, carry on;seguir con algo continue with sth, carry on with sth;seguir haciendo algo go on doing sth, continue to do sth;sigue cometiendo los mismos errores he keeps on making the same mistakes;sigue enfadado conmigo he’s still angry with me;¡a seguir bien! take care!, take it easy!* * *seguir {75} vt1) : to followel sol sigue la lluvia: sunshine follows the rainseguiré tu consejo: I'll follow your adviceme siguieron con la mirada: they followed me with their eyes2) : to go along, to keep onseguimos toda la carretera panamericana: we continued along the PanAmerican Highwaysiguió hablando: he kept on talkingseguir el curso: to stay on course3) : to take (a course, a treatment)seguir vi1) : to go on, to keep goingsigue adelante: keep going, carry on2) : to remain, to continue to be¿todavía sigues aquí?: you're still here?sigue con vida: she's still alive3) : to follow, to come afterla frase que sigue: the following sentence* * *seguir vb1. (en general) to follow2. (cursar estudios) to do3. (recorrer) to go on¡sigue! No te pares go on! Don't stop!4. (continuar) to be still -
9 patria
adj.&f.feminine of PATRIO.f.native country, fatherland.patria chica home town* * *1 homeland\patria celestial heavenpatria chica home town* * *noun f.* * *SF native land, fatherlandpatria chica — home town, home area
* * *femenino homeland, motherland, fatherlandluchar/morir por la patria — to fight/die for one's country
viva la patria! — God save Colombia (o Spain etc)!
hacer patria — to fly the flag (for one's country)
* * *= motherland, homeland.Ex. When the Second World War broke out, my motherland was arduously fighting against Japanese imperialism.Ex. A great number of these publications were significantly influenced by the political scene in their respective homelands.----* madre patria = motherland.* * *femenino homeland, motherland, fatherlandluchar/morir por la patria — to fight/die for one's country
viva la patria! — God save Colombia (o Spain etc)!
hacer patria — to fly the flag (for one's country)
* * *= motherland, homeland.Ex: When the Second World War broke out, my motherland was arduously fighting against Japanese imperialism.
Ex: A great number of these publications were significantly influenced by the political scene in their respective homelands.* madre patria = motherland.* * *homeland, mother country, fatherlandluchar/morir por la patria to fight/die for one's country¡viva la patria! God save Colombia ( o Spain etc)!hacer patria to fly the flag (for one's country)y para hacer patria lo único que bebemos es vino español ( hum); we do our bit for our country by only drinking Spanish wine ( colloq)Compuestos:adopted countryhometowncustody, guardianship* * *
patria sustantivo femenino
homeland, motherland, fatherland;
patria sustantivo femenino native country
' patria' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
nostalgia
- nostálgica
- nostálgico
- servir
- suelo
- traición
- a
- adoptivo
- amor
- añorar
- apátrida
- deshonrar
- fiesta
- querido
- traicionar
English:
fatherland
- home
- homeland
- motherland
- native
- country
- father
- mother
* * *patria nfnative country, fatherland;la madre patria the mother country, the motherland;defender la patria to defend one's country;morir por la patria to die for one's country;hacer patria to fly the flagpatria chica home town; Der patria potestad parental authority* * *f homeland* * *patria nf: native land* * *patria n your native country -
10 près
près [pʀε]adverb(dans l'espace, dans le temps) close• il habite assez/tout près he lives quite/very near or close• c'est plus/moins près que je ne croyais (espace) it's nearer than/further than I thought ; (temps) it's sooner than/further off than I thought• je vais vous donner le chiffre à un centimètre près I'll give you the figure to within about a centimetre• cela fait 100 € à peu de chose(s) près that comes to 100 euros, or as near as makes no difference► de près• il voit mal/bien de près he can't see very well/he can see all right close to• de près ou de loin [ressembler] more or less• tout ce qui touche de près ou de loin au cinéma everything remotely connected with cinema► près de near close to• être très près du but to be very close to or near one's goal• être près de son argent or de ses sous (inf) to be tight-fisted• il est près de la retraite he's close to or near retirement• il est près de la cinquantaine he's nearly fifty► ne pas être près de + infinitif• je ne suis pas près de partir/de réussir at this rate, I'm not likely to be going/to succeed* * *pʀɛ
1.
1) ( non loin dans l'espace) closela ville est tout près — it's no distance to the town, the town is close by
2) fig10 kg, à quelques grammes près — 10 kg, give or take a few grammes
ce roman est plutôt bon, à quelques détails près — this novel is quite good, apart from the odd detail
à ceci or cela près que — except that
à une voix près, le projet aurait été adopté — the project would have been adopted but for one vote
prends ton temps, on n'est pas à cinq minutes près — take your time, five minutes won't make any difference
précis au millimètre près — accurate to within a millimetre [BrE]
2.
près de locution prépositive1) ( dans l'espace) nearelle habite près d'ici — she lives nearby ou near here
être près du but — fig to be close to achieving one's goal
elle est près de lui — ( à ses côtés) she's at his side
2) ( dans le temps) near, nearly3) (par les idées, les sentiments) close (de to)4) ( presque) nearly, almostcela coûte près de 500 euros — it costs nearly ou almost 500 euros
3.
de près locution adverbiale closelysurveiller quelqu'un/qch de près — to keep a close eye on somebody/sth
vu de près, cela rassemble à... — seen from close quarters, it looks like...
voir la mort de près — to look death in the face, to come close to death
4.
à peu près locution adverbiale ( presque)la rue est à peu près vide — the street is practically ou virtually empty
cela coûte à peu près 20 euros — it costs about ou around 20 euros
* * *pʀɛ adv1) (pas loin) nearJ'habite tout près. — I live nearby.
Il habite près de la poste. — He lives near the post office.
Assieds-toi près de moi. — Sit down next to me.
Il a regardé la photo de près. — He looked closely at the photo.
Il y avait près de cinq cents spectateurs. — There were nearly 500 spectators.
à qch près; à 1kg près — to within about 1kg
On n'est pas à un jour près. — One day won't make any difference., One day either way won't make any difference.
Il était près de le dénoncer. — He was on the point of informing on him.
Je ne suis pas près de lui pardonner. — I'm not about to forgive him.
* * *A adv1 ( non loin dans l'espace) close; la ville est tout près it's no distance to the town, the town is close by; ce n'est pas tout près it's quite a way; c'est plus près qu'on ne pense it's closer than you'd think; se raser de près to have a close shave;2 ( non loin dans le temps) les vacances sont tout près maintenant the vacation is nearly here ou upon us;3 fig cela pèse 10 kg, à quelques grammes près it weighs 10 kg, give or take a few grams; ce roman est plutôt bon, à quelques détails près this novel is quite good, apart from the odd detail; à ceci or cela près que except that; il m'a remboursé au centime près he paid me back to the very last penny; à une minute près, j'avais mon train/je battais mon record I was within a minute of catching my train/breaking my record; à une voix près, le projet aurait été adopté the project would have been adopted but for one vote; gagner/perdre à deux voix près to win/lose by two votes; elles sont semblables, à la couleur près they're the same but for the colourGB; prends ton temps, on n'est pas à cinq minutes près take your time, five minutes won't make any difference; ils ne sont plus à un vol près one more theft won't make any difference to them; je ne suis pas à un paquet de cigarettes près what does the odd packet of cigarettes matter?; précis au millimètre près accurate to within a millimetreGB; à une exception près with only one exception; à quelques exceptions près with a few rare exceptions.B près de loc prép1 ( dans l'espace) near; j'aimerais être près de toi I'd like to be with you; elle habite près d'ici she lives nearby ou near here; être près du but fig to be close to achieving one's goal; la balle est passée très près du cœur the bullet just missed the heart; près d'elle, un enfant jouait a child was playing near her ou beside her; elle est près de lui ( à ses côtés) she's with him;2 ( dans le temps) near, nearly; il est près de l'âge de la retraite he's near retirement age; il est près de minuit it's nearly midnight; elle est près de la cinquantaine she's nearly fifty; on est près des vacances maintenant the holidays are nearly here ou upon us; être près de faire to be about to do; je ne suis pas près de recommencer/d'y retourner I'm not about to do that again/to go back there again; être près de partir/sombrer to be about to leave/sink; le jour est près de se lever dawn is about to break; je suis près de penser/croire que I almost think/believe that; être près de réussir/de refuser/d'accepter to be about to succeed/to refuse/to accept, to be on the point of succeeding/of refusing/of accepting; ils étaient près de la victoire they were close to victory; le problème n'est pas près d'être résolu the problem is nowhere near solved;3 (par les idées, les sentiments) close; elle a toujours été très près de sa mère she has always been very close to her mother; ils sont très près l'un de l'autre they are very close; vivre près de la nature to live close to nature;4 ( presque) nearly, almost; cela coûte près de 1 000 euros it costs nearly ou almost 1,000 euros; il a cessé de fumer pendant près de 20 ans he didn't smoke for nearly 20 years; cela a nécessité près d'un an de travail it involved nearly a year's work; le chômage touche près de 3 millions de personnes unemployment affects nearly ou almost 3 million people; une toile de près de 2 m sur 3 a canvas measuring almost 2 m by 3; cela fait près d'un mois que j'attends I've been waiting close to ou for nearly a month.C de près loc adv closely; regarder de plus près to take a closer look; regarder/examiner qch de près to look at/to examine sth closely; observer/suivre qn de près to observe/to follow sb closely; surveiller qn/qch de près to keep a close eye on sb/sth; le coup de fusil a été tiré de très près the shot was fired at close range; voir de près to see clearly close up; vu de près, cela rassemble à… seen from close quarters, it looks like…; les examens/concurrents se suivent de près the exams/competitors are close together; les explosions se succédèrent de près the explosions came in close succession; être lié de près à qch to be closely linked with sth; s'intéresser de près à qch to take a close interest in sth; frôler de près la catastrophe to come close to disaster; ne pas y regarder de trop près not to look too closely; voir la mort de près to look death in the face, to come close to death; à y regarder de plus près on closer examination.D à peu près loc adv ( presque) la rue est à peu près vide the street is practically ou virtually empty; cela coûte à peu près 200 euros it costs about ou around 200 euros; il y a à peu près une heure qu'il est parti he left about an hour ago, it's about an hour since he left; un groupe d'à peu près 50 personnes a group of about ou some 50 people; je pense à peu près comme toi I think more or less the same as you; à peu près de la même façon in much the same way; à peu près semblables pretty much the same; cela désigne à peu près n'importe quoi it refers to just about anything; c'est à peu près tout that's about the size of it; c'est à peu près tout ce qu'on sait sur cette affaire that's just about all we know about this matter.[prɛ] adverbele bureau est tout près the office is very near ou just around the cornerjeudi c'est trop près, disons plutôt samedi Thursday is too soon, let's say Saturday————————[prɛ] préposition————————à... près locution correlativec'est parfait, à un détail près it's perfect but for ou except for one thing————————à cela près que locution conjonctiveà peu de choses près locution adverbialeà peu de choses près, il y en a cinquante there are fifty of them, more or less ou give or take a few————————à peu près locution adverbialeon était à peu près cinquante there were about ou around fifty of us2. [plus ou moins] more or lessil sait à peu près comment y aller he knows more or less ou roughly how to get there————————de près locution adverbialeat close range ou quarterssurveiller quelqu'un de près to keep a close watch ou eye on somebodyb. (figuré) to look (very) closely at something, to look carefully into somethingcela ressemble, de près ou de loin, à une habile escroquerie however ou whichever way you look at it, it's a skilful piece of fraudtout ce qui touche, de près ou de loin à everything (which is) even remotely connected with————————près de locution prépositionnelle1. [dans l'espace] nearassieds-toi près de lui sit near him ou next to himvêtements près du corps close-fitting ou tight-fitting clothes[affectivement, qualitativement] close toles premiers candidats sont très près les uns des autres there's very little difference between the first few candidatesêtre près de ses sous ou de son argent to be tightfisted2. [dans le temps]je ne suis pas près d'oublier ça I'm not about to ou it'll be a long time before I forget thaton était près de cinquante there were almost ou nearly fifty of us -
11 Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 6 October 1887 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerlandd. 27 August 1965 Cap Martin, France[br]Swiss/French architect.[br]The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Doctorate Zurich University 1933. Honorary Member RIBA 1937. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. American Institute of Architects Gold Medal 1961. Honorary Degree University of Geneva 1964.BibliographyHis chief publications, all of which have been numerously reprinted and translated, are: 1923, Vers une architecture.1935, La Ville radieuse.1946, Propos d'urbanisme.1950, Le Modular.Further ReadingP.Blake, 1963, Le Corbusier: Architecture and Form, Penguin. R.Furneaux-Jordan, 1972, Le Corbusier, Dent.W.Boesiger, 1970, Le Corbusier, 8 vols, Thames and Hudson.——1987, Le Corbusier: Architect of the Century, Arts Council of Great Britain.DYBiographical history of technology > Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
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12 Bigelow, Erastus Brigham
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 2 April 1814 West Boyleston, Massachusetts, USAd. 6 December 1879 USA[br]American inventor of power looms for making lace and many types of carpets.[br]Bigelow was born in West Boyleston, Massachusetts, where his father struggled as a farmer, wheelwright, and chairmaker. Before he was 20, Bigelow had many different jobs, among them farm labourer, clerk, violin player and cotton-mill employee. In 1830, he went to Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, but he could not afford to go on to Harvard. He sought work in Boston, New York and elsewhere, making various inventions.The most important of his early inventions was the power loom of 1837 for making coach lace. This loom contained all the essential features of his carpet looms, which he developed and patented two years later. He formed the Clinton Company for manufacturing carpets at Leicester, Massachusetts, but the factory became so large that its name was adopted for the town. The next twenty years saw various mechanical discoveries, while his range of looms was extended to cover Brussels, Wilton, tapestry and velvet carpets. Bigelow has been justly described as the originator of every fundamental device in these machines, which were amongst the largest textile machines of their time. The automatic insertion and withdrawal of strong wires with looped ends was the means employed to raise the looped pile of the Brussels carpets, while thinner wires with a knife blade at the end raised and then severed the loops to create the rich Wilton pile. At the Great Exhibition in 1851, it was declared that his looms made better carpets than any from hand looms. He also developed other looms for special materials.He became a noted American economist, writing two books about tariff problems, advocating that the United States should not abandon its protectionist policies. In 1860 he was narrowly defeated in a Congress election. The following year he was a member of the committee that established the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[br]Further ReadingNational Cyclopedia of American Biography III (the standard account of his life). F.H.Sawyer, 1927, Clinton Item (provides a broad background to his life).C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (describes Bigelow's inventions).RLHBiographical history of technology > Bigelow, Erastus Brigham
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13 פשט
פָּשַׁט(b. h.) 1) to stretch, straighten. Sabb.I, 1, sq. פ׳ העני את ידווכ׳ if the recipient puts his hand forth to within (the house). Pes.118b, a. e. שפּוֹשְׁטִין, v. פַּס II. Gen. R. s. 28 לא פָשְׁטוּ ידיהם במצות they (the Sodomites) never stretched their hands forth for good deeds (charity); Lam. R. to IV, 6; Yalk. Ez. 351. Ber.3b; Snh.16a לכו פִשְׁטוּוכ׳, v. גְּדוּד. Men.I, 2 פושט את אצבעותיווכ׳ he stretches his fingers so as to reach his wrist. Lev. R. s. 2 פושטין לו יד we must reach forth our hands to him, v. כָּנָף. Keth.XIII, 5 הפוסק … ופ׳ לו את הרגל a man promises a certain amount to his intended son-in-law, and shows him the foot, i. e. refuses to give it to him; a. v. fr.Y.R. Hash. III, 58d top (ref. to פשוט, ib. III, 3) כדי שיִפְשְׁטוּוכ׳ (or שיְפַשְּׁטוּ, Pi.) (the horn is straight,) intimating that they must straighten their hearts through repentance.Part. pass. פָּשוּט, q. v. 2) to strip; (sub. בגדיו) to undress. Yoma III, 4; 6. Ib. 31b פּוֹשֵׁט … מקדש he (the high priest) undresses first and then sanctifies (washes his hands and feet). Ib. 32a כלום אדם פושט אלאוכ׳ can a man put off anything except what he has put on? Tam.I, 1; a. fr.Part. pass. פָּשוּט. Y.Yoma III, 40c bot. אחת פ׳ ואחת לבושוכ׳ whether he undresses or dresses, in either case the sanctification follows the act. 3) to make plain, to explain. Num. R. s. 18; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 היה יושב ופושטוכ׳ was sitting at the gate of his town and explaining (teaching); (Gen. R. s. 10 ודורש). Ex. R. s. 47 היה למד … ופושט אותהוכ׳ he learned (the Torah) in day-time and explained it to himself at night; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Lev. R. s. 16 (ref. to Ps. 34:13) כל ימי … היכן הוא פ׳ all my days I have read this verse (question), but I never knew where it is answered. 4) (neut. verb) to spread, be published. Hor.3b עד שתִּפְשוֹט הוראה בכלוכ׳ until the decision is spread (adopted) in the whole congregation of Israel. Ab. Zar.36a; a. fr. Pi. פִּישֵּׁט 1) to stretch, straighten out. Y.Snh.III, 21a bot. התחיל מְפַשִּׁטוכ׳ (interch. with פישט) he began to put forth his hands and deal in fruits of the Sabbatical year. Tosef.Neg.I, 8 מְפַשְּׁטִין את קומטיווכ׳ the creases are straightened out, and then the leprous spot is examined; a. e.Tosef.Nidd.VI, 4, v. infra.Part. pass. מְפוּשָּׁט. Y.Naz.IX, 57d רגליו מְפוּשָּׁטוֹת וידווכ׳ if the corpse is found with its feet stretched and its hands on the heart, opp. קמצוץ. 2) to strip, take off. Tosef.Kel.B. Kam.IV, 17 משיְפַשֵּׁט את חלוקו (not חלוקן) from the time that the coat (the plaster of the stove) is taken off. Nif. נִפְשַׁט 1) to be straightened out, be unfolded, become flat. Kel. XXVI, 2 נ׳ טהור when it (the bag) is straightened out (so as to be a plain piece of leather, v. פָּשוּט), it is not susceptible to uncleanness. Tosef. Neg. l. c. כקמיטשנ׳ like a creased garment that has been straightened out; a. e. 2) to be stripped. Pirké dR. El. ch. XIV נ׳ עור צפורןוכ׳ the horny skin was taken from Adam, and he saw himself naked. Midr. Till. to Ps. 92, v. infra. Hif. הִפְשִׁיט 1) to strip, flay. Pes.V, 9 כיצד תולין ומַפְשִׁיטִין how did they suspend and flay (the Passover Iamb)? Ib. מי … ולהַפְשִׁיט he that could find no place where to suspend and flay. Tam.IV, 2. Pesik. R. s. 28 הִפְשִׁיטוּ את עבדיהםוכ׳ they undressed their men servants and maid servants and presented them ; a. fr. 2) to shed the skin. Pirké dR. El. l. c. שיהא מַפְשִׁיט את עורווכ׳ that it (the serpent) should shed its skin once in seven years. Midr. Till. to Ps. 92 מן העור שה׳ הנחשוכ׳ ed. Bub. (oth. ed. שנפשט) of the skin which the serpent shed the Lord made garments of honor ; Pirké dR. El. ch. XX; Yalk. Gen. 34. Hof. הוּפְשַׁט to be stripped. Zeb.XI, 3 עד שלאה׳ before the hide was taken off. Ib. 93b; a. e. Hithpa. הִתְפַּשֵּׁט, Nithpa. נִתְפַּשֵּׁט to be straightened, become even; to flatten. Ḥag.9a חיגר … ונ׳וכ׳ if he was lame on the first day and became straight Y.Yeb.I, 2d bot. עד שתִּתְפַּשֵּׁט הכף, v. כַּף; Tosef.Nidd.VI, 4 עד שתְּפַשֵּׁט אתוכ׳. B. Bath. 120a נִתְפַּשְּׁטוּ הקמטיןוכ׳ the wrinkles became even, and her beauty returned ; a. e. -
14 פָּשַׁט
פָּשַׁט(b. h.) 1) to stretch, straighten. Sabb.I, 1, sq. פ׳ העני את ידווכ׳ if the recipient puts his hand forth to within (the house). Pes.118b, a. e. שפּוֹשְׁטִין, v. פַּס II. Gen. R. s. 28 לא פָשְׁטוּ ידיהם במצות they (the Sodomites) never stretched their hands forth for good deeds (charity); Lam. R. to IV, 6; Yalk. Ez. 351. Ber.3b; Snh.16a לכו פִשְׁטוּוכ׳, v. גְּדוּד. Men.I, 2 פושט את אצבעותיווכ׳ he stretches his fingers so as to reach his wrist. Lev. R. s. 2 פושטין לו יד we must reach forth our hands to him, v. כָּנָף. Keth.XIII, 5 הפוסק … ופ׳ לו את הרגל a man promises a certain amount to his intended son-in-law, and shows him the foot, i. e. refuses to give it to him; a. v. fr.Y.R. Hash. III, 58d top (ref. to פשוט, ib. III, 3) כדי שיִפְשְׁטוּוכ׳ (or שיְפַשְּׁטוּ, Pi.) (the horn is straight,) intimating that they must straighten their hearts through repentance.Part. pass. פָּשוּט, q. v. 2) to strip; (sub. בגדיו) to undress. Yoma III, 4; 6. Ib. 31b פּוֹשֵׁט … מקדש he (the high priest) undresses first and then sanctifies (washes his hands and feet). Ib. 32a כלום אדם פושט אלאוכ׳ can a man put off anything except what he has put on? Tam.I, 1; a. fr.Part. pass. פָּשוּט. Y.Yoma III, 40c bot. אחת פ׳ ואחת לבושוכ׳ whether he undresses or dresses, in either case the sanctification follows the act. 3) to make plain, to explain. Num. R. s. 18; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 היה יושב ופושטוכ׳ was sitting at the gate of his town and explaining (teaching); (Gen. R. s. 10 ודורש). Ex. R. s. 47 היה למד … ופושט אותהוכ׳ he learned (the Torah) in day-time and explained it to himself at night; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Lev. R. s. 16 (ref. to Ps. 34:13) כל ימי … היכן הוא פ׳ all my days I have read this verse (question), but I never knew where it is answered. 4) (neut. verb) to spread, be published. Hor.3b עד שתִּפְשוֹט הוראה בכלוכ׳ until the decision is spread (adopted) in the whole congregation of Israel. Ab. Zar.36a; a. fr. Pi. פִּישֵּׁט 1) to stretch, straighten out. Y.Snh.III, 21a bot. התחיל מְפַשִּׁטוכ׳ (interch. with פישט) he began to put forth his hands and deal in fruits of the Sabbatical year. Tosef.Neg.I, 8 מְפַשְּׁטִין את קומטיווכ׳ the creases are straightened out, and then the leprous spot is examined; a. e.Tosef.Nidd.VI, 4, v. infra.Part. pass. מְפוּשָּׁט. Y.Naz.IX, 57d רגליו מְפוּשָּׁטוֹת וידווכ׳ if the corpse is found with its feet stretched and its hands on the heart, opp. קמצוץ. 2) to strip, take off. Tosef.Kel.B. Kam.IV, 17 משיְפַשֵּׁט את חלוקו (not חלוקן) from the time that the coat (the plaster of the stove) is taken off. Nif. נִפְשַׁט 1) to be straightened out, be unfolded, become flat. Kel. XXVI, 2 נ׳ טהור when it (the bag) is straightened out (so as to be a plain piece of leather, v. פָּשוּט), it is not susceptible to uncleanness. Tosef. Neg. l. c. כקמיטשנ׳ like a creased garment that has been straightened out; a. e. 2) to be stripped. Pirké dR. El. ch. XIV נ׳ עור צפורןוכ׳ the horny skin was taken from Adam, and he saw himself naked. Midr. Till. to Ps. 92, v. infra. Hif. הִפְשִׁיט 1) to strip, flay. Pes.V, 9 כיצד תולין ומַפְשִׁיטִין how did they suspend and flay (the Passover Iamb)? Ib. מי … ולהַפְשִׁיט he that could find no place where to suspend and flay. Tam.IV, 2. Pesik. R. s. 28 הִפְשִׁיטוּ את עבדיהםוכ׳ they undressed their men servants and maid servants and presented them ; a. fr. 2) to shed the skin. Pirké dR. El. l. c. שיהא מַפְשִׁיט את עורווכ׳ that it (the serpent) should shed its skin once in seven years. Midr. Till. to Ps. 92 מן העור שה׳ הנחשוכ׳ ed. Bub. (oth. ed. שנפשט) of the skin which the serpent shed the Lord made garments of honor ; Pirké dR. El. ch. XX; Yalk. Gen. 34. Hof. הוּפְשַׁט to be stripped. Zeb.XI, 3 עד שלאה׳ before the hide was taken off. Ib. 93b; a. e. Hithpa. הִתְפַּשֵּׁט, Nithpa. נִתְפַּשֵּׁט to be straightened, become even; to flatten. Ḥag.9a חיגר … ונ׳וכ׳ if he was lame on the first day and became straight Y.Yeb.I, 2d bot. עד שתִּתְפַּשֵּׁט הכף, v. כַּף; Tosef.Nidd.VI, 4 עד שתְּפַשֵּׁט אתוכ׳. B. Bath. 120a נִתְפַּשְּׁטוּ הקמטיןוכ׳ the wrinkles became even, and her beauty returned ; a. e. -
15 Weldon, Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 31 October 1832 Loughborough, Englandd. 20 September 1885 Burstow, Surrey, England[br]English industrial chemist.[br]It was intended that Weldon should enter his father's factory in Loughborough, but he decided instead to turn to journalism, which he pursued with varying success in London. His Weldon's Register of Facts and Occurrences in Literature, Science, and Art ran for only four years, from 1860 to 1864, but the fashion magazine Weldon's Journal, which he published with his wife, was more successful. Meanwhile Weldon formed an interest in chemistry, although he had no formal training in that subject. He devoted himself to solving one of the great problems of industrial chemistry at that time. The Leblanc process for the manufacture of soda produced large quantities of hydrochloric acid in gas form. By this time, this by-product was being converted, by oxidation with manganese dioxide, to chlorine, which was much used in the textile and paper industries as a bleaching agent. The manganese ended up as manganese chloride, from which it was difficult to convert back to the oxide, for reuse in treating the hydrochloric acid, and it was an expensive substance. Weldon visited the St Helens district of Lancashire, an important centre for the manufacture of soda, to work on the problem. During the three years from 1866 to 1869, he took out six patents for the regeneration of manganese dioxide by treating the manganese chloride with milk of lime and blowing air through it. The Weldon process was quickly adopted and had a notable economic effect: the price of bleaching powder came down by £6 per ton and production went up fourfold.By the time of his death, nearly all chlorine works in the world used Weldon's process. The distinguished French chemist J.B.A.Dumas said of the process, when presenting Weldon with a gold medal, "every sheet of paper and every yard of calico has been cheapened throughout the world". Weldon played an active part in the founding of the Society of Chemical Industry.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1882. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1883–4.Further ReadingT.C.Barker and J.R.Harris, 1954, A Merseyside Town in the Industrial Revolution: St Helens, 1750–1900, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; reprinted with corrections, 1959, London: Cass.S.Miall, 1931, A History of the British Chemical Industry.LRD -
16 קלט
קָלַט(b. h.) ( to surround, 1) to close, press.Part. pass. קָלוּט; f. קְלוּטָה; pl. קְלוּטִים; קְלוּטיֹת. Sifra Emor, Par. 7, ch. VII (expl. קלוט, Lev. 22:23) פרסוֹתוכ׳ an animal whose hoofs resemble those of a horse ; Bekh.VI, 7 (40a) שרגליו ק׳וכ׳. Ib. 6a פרסותיה ק׳ its hoofs are closed, opp. סדוקות cloven. Ib. VII, 6 אצבעותיו … או ק׳וכ׳ if his fingers lie one above the other or are grown together up to the root (פֶּרֶק). Y.Sot.IX, 23d; a. e.In gen. קָלוּט an animal with uncloven hoofs (having the sign of uncleanness) born of a clean animal, monster or hybrid. Bekh.7a ק׳ בן פרה a ḳaluṭ born of a cow; Ḥull.68b. Ib. ק׳ במעי פרה a ḳaluṭ found in a cow (after ritual slaughtering); ib. 69a. Sabb.67a זרעיך כק׳ וכפרדהוכ׳ thy seed be like a ḳ. and like a mule (Rashi: ‘like one whose semen is locked up); a. e. 2) to clutch, intercept, receive; to conceive, retain, absorb. Ḥull.65a כל עוף הקוֹלֵט מן האוירוכ׳ any bird that snatches in the air (for things thrown to it) is unclean. Gen. R. s. 41 אינה קוֹלֶטֶת, v. פֶּרֶד II. Ker.5a וק׳ את הריח and the oil retained (absorbed) the scent. Gen. R. s. 5 קְלָטָן הים the sea absorbed them (the waters of the rivers); Yalk. Ps. 848 קְלָטָם. Ab. V, 15 שמוציאה את היין וקולטתוכ׳ which passes the wine and retains the lees; … שמוציאה … וק׳ את הסולת which passes the common flour and retains the fine flour (v. צוּף). Snh.108b כל שהתיבה קוֹלַטְתּוֹ whatever animal the ark received. Sabb.I, 6 כדי שיִקְלוֹט העין when there is time enough before the Sabbath for the wool to assume the color of the dye. Lev. R. s. 14 אין האשה קולטתוכ׳ a woman conceives only shortly after menstruation. Shebi. II, 6 כל הרכבה שאינה קולטתוכ׳ a grafting which does not take root within three-days, will never do so; a. v. fr.Ex. R. s. 1 ק׳ דרךוכ׳ he (Moses) adopted the manner of his ancestors (finding wives at the well); Tanḥ. Shmoth 10 לקח.Esp. (v. מִקְלָט) to protect, give the shelter of an asylum. Macc.12a אינו קולט אלא גגו only the top of the altar protects him that flees to it; אינו קולט … עולמים only the altar of the permanent sanctuary (in Jerusalem) offers protection; אינו קולט אלא כהןוכ׳ protects only the priest while at service Ib. אינה קולטת אלא בצר only Bezer is an asylum (but not Bozrah). Ib. b פלכו קוֹלְטוֹ his (the Levites) district protects him. Ib. עיר שקְלָטַתּוּ כבר a town which has received him once before. Sifré Num. 160 אין לי אלא שקוֹלְטוֹת בארץ this would indicate only that they (these cities) offer asylum for manslaughter committed in Palestine. Ib. לא קָלְטָה אחת מהם עדוכ׳ none of those cities had the right of asylum until all of them had been designated; a. fr.Macc.10a מנין … קוֹלְטִין whence do you learn that the words of the Law offer protection (to its students)?; ib. קולטין ממלאךוכ׳ they protect from the angel of death. 3) (of sacred precincts) to retain; to make export illegal. Ib. 19b קְלָטוּהוּ מחיצות the sacred precincts have retained it (and it cannot be redeemed and taken out of Jerusalem again); ib. 20a. Ib. מחיצה לִקְלוֹט דרבנן that the precincts have retaining power is merely a rabbinical enactment; Snh.113a; B. Mets.53b.Part. pass. as ab. Sabb.4a, a. fr. קלוטה כמי שהונחה דמיא, v. נוּחַ. -
17 קָלַט
קָלַט(b. h.) ( to surround, 1) to close, press.Part. pass. קָלוּט; f. קְלוּטָה; pl. קְלוּטִים; קְלוּטיֹת. Sifra Emor, Par. 7, ch. VII (expl. קלוט, Lev. 22:23) פרסוֹתוכ׳ an animal whose hoofs resemble those of a horse ; Bekh.VI, 7 (40a) שרגליו ק׳וכ׳. Ib. 6a פרסותיה ק׳ its hoofs are closed, opp. סדוקות cloven. Ib. VII, 6 אצבעותיו … או ק׳וכ׳ if his fingers lie one above the other or are grown together up to the root (פֶּרֶק). Y.Sot.IX, 23d; a. e.In gen. קָלוּט an animal with uncloven hoofs (having the sign of uncleanness) born of a clean animal, monster or hybrid. Bekh.7a ק׳ בן פרה a ḳaluṭ born of a cow; Ḥull.68b. Ib. ק׳ במעי פרה a ḳaluṭ found in a cow (after ritual slaughtering); ib. 69a. Sabb.67a זרעיך כק׳ וכפרדהוכ׳ thy seed be like a ḳ. and like a mule (Rashi: ‘like one whose semen is locked up); a. e. 2) to clutch, intercept, receive; to conceive, retain, absorb. Ḥull.65a כל עוף הקוֹלֵט מן האוירוכ׳ any bird that snatches in the air (for things thrown to it) is unclean. Gen. R. s. 41 אינה קוֹלֶטֶת, v. פֶּרֶד II. Ker.5a וק׳ את הריח and the oil retained (absorbed) the scent. Gen. R. s. 5 קְלָטָן הים the sea absorbed them (the waters of the rivers); Yalk. Ps. 848 קְלָטָם. Ab. V, 15 שמוציאה את היין וקולטתוכ׳ which passes the wine and retains the lees; … שמוציאה … וק׳ את הסולת which passes the common flour and retains the fine flour (v. צוּף). Snh.108b כל שהתיבה קוֹלַטְתּוֹ whatever animal the ark received. Sabb.I, 6 כדי שיִקְלוֹט העין when there is time enough before the Sabbath for the wool to assume the color of the dye. Lev. R. s. 14 אין האשה קולטתוכ׳ a woman conceives only shortly after menstruation. Shebi. II, 6 כל הרכבה שאינה קולטתוכ׳ a grafting which does not take root within three-days, will never do so; a. v. fr.Ex. R. s. 1 ק׳ דרךוכ׳ he (Moses) adopted the manner of his ancestors (finding wives at the well); Tanḥ. Shmoth 10 לקח.Esp. (v. מִקְלָט) to protect, give the shelter of an asylum. Macc.12a אינו קולט אלא גגו only the top of the altar protects him that flees to it; אינו קולט … עולמים only the altar of the permanent sanctuary (in Jerusalem) offers protection; אינו קולט אלא כהןוכ׳ protects only the priest while at service Ib. אינה קולטת אלא בצר only Bezer is an asylum (but not Bozrah). Ib. b פלכו קוֹלְטוֹ his (the Levites) district protects him. Ib. עיר שקְלָטַתּוּ כבר a town which has received him once before. Sifré Num. 160 אין לי אלא שקוֹלְטוֹת בארץ this would indicate only that they (these cities) offer asylum for manslaughter committed in Palestine. Ib. לא קָלְטָה אחת מהם עדוכ׳ none of those cities had the right of asylum until all of them had been designated; a. fr.Macc.10a מנין … קוֹלְטִין whence do you learn that the words of the Law offer protection (to its students)?; ib. קולטין ממלאךוכ׳ they protect from the angel of death. 3) (of sacred precincts) to retain; to make export illegal. Ib. 19b קְלָטוּהוּ מחיצות the sacred precincts have retained it (and it cannot be redeemed and taken out of Jerusalem again); ib. 20a. Ib. מחיצה לִקְלוֹט דרבנן that the precincts have retaining power is merely a rabbinical enactment; Snh.113a; B. Mets.53b.Part. pass. as ab. Sabb.4a, a. fr. קלוטה כמי שהונחה דמיא, v. נוּחַ. -
18 enfant
enfant [ɑ̃fɑ̃]1. masculine noun, feminine nounb. ( = originaire) c'est un enfant du pays/de la ville he's a native of these parts/of the town• bonne nouvelle, les enfants ! good news, folks! (inf)2. compounds* * *ɑ̃fɑ̃1) ( jeune être humain) child; ( très jeune) infantc'est une enfant terrible — lit she's an unruly child
elle est restée très enfant — she is still very childlike; vérité
2) (fils, fille) childfaire un enfant — (colloq) ( avoir) to have a child
faire un enfant à quelqu'un — (colloq) to make somebody pregnant
ce roman, c'est son enfant — that novel is his/her baby
3) ( terme d'affection)4) ( marquant l'origine) child•Phrasal Verbs:* * *ɑ̃fɑ̃ nmfbon enfant — good-natured, easy-going
* * *enfant nmf1 ( jeune être humain) child; ( très jeune) Admin, Transp infant; c'est une enfant terrible lit she's an unruly child; l'enfant terrible du cinéma français the enfant terrible of French cinema; lorsque j'étais enfant when I was a child; tout enfant, je me suis rendu compte… while still a child, I realized…; c'est un grand enfant he's such a child; faire l'enfant to act like a child; un sourire d'enfant lit a child's smile; fig a childlike smile; mes rêves d'enfant my childhood dreams; elle est restée très enfant she is still very childlike; ce n'est pas une enfant de Marie she's no angel; il n'y a plus d'enfants! fig they grow up fast nowadays!; ⇒ vérité;2 (fils, fille) child; enfant adoptif/légitime/illégitime adopted/legitimate/illegitimate child; être enfant unique to be an only child; couple sans enfant childless couple; c'est un couple sans enfant they have no children; faire un enfant○ ( avoir) to have a child; faire un enfant à qn○ to make sb pregnant; ce roman, c'est son enfant that novel is her baby;4 ( marquant l'origine) child; un enfant de l'aristocatie/du peuple/de la guerre froide a child of the aristocracy/of the people/of the Cold War; c'est une enfant de Nice/de la campagne she was born and bred in Nice/in the country.enfant de l'amour love child; enfant bleu blue baby; enfant de chœur altar boy; ce n'est pas un enfant de chœur fig he's no angel; enfant naturel natural child; enfant prodige child prodigy; enfant trouvé foundling.[ɑ̃fɑ̃] adjectif1. [jeune]2. [naïf] childlike————————[ɑ̃fɑ̃] nom masculin et fémininun enfant à naître an unborn child ou babyne fais pas l'enfant! act your age!, don't be such a baby!, grow up!enfant naturel/légitime illegitimate/legitimate childenfant sauvage [vivant à l'état sauvage] wolf childgrand enfant overgrown child, big kidpetit enfant infant, little child, small child2. [descendant] childavoir de jeunes enfants/de grands enfants to have a young family/grown-up childrenun enfant de la crise/des années 80 a child of the depression/of the 80sa. [théâtre] I was born into the theatreb. [cirque] I was born under the big topa. [homme] son of the soilb. [femme] daughter of the soil3. [en appellatif] childbelle enfant dear girl ou childbon enfant locution adjectivale invariable————————d'enfant locution adjectivale[des enfants - dessin, imagination] child's -
19 leur
leur [lœʀ]• le leur4. masculine nouna. ( = énergie, volonté) ils y ont mis du leur they pulled their weight* * *Note: En anglais, on ne répète pas le possessif coordonné: leur nom et leur adresse = their names and addresses
1.
(pl leurs) lœʀ pronom personnel invariable them
2.
adjectif possessif masculin et féminin, pl leurs theirà leur arrivée/départ — when they arrived/left
3.
celui-là, c'est le leur — that's theirs
il est des leurs — ( de leur groupe) he's one of them
ils vivent loin des leurs — ( de leur famille) they live far away from their families
* * *lœʀ1. adj possessifà leur vue — at the sight of them, on seeing them
2. pron1) (objet indirect) themJe leur ai dit la vérité. — I told them the truth.
Je le leur ai donné. — I gave it to them.
2) (possessif)le leur; la leur; les leurs — theirs
Ma voiture est rouge, la leur est bleue. — My car's red, theirs is blue.
* * *❢ En anglais, on ne répète pas le possessif coordonné: leur nom et leur adresse = their names and addresses.A pron pers inv them; je leur ai donné ton numéro de téléphone I gave them your telephone number; une lettre leur a été adressée a letter was sent to them; promesse leur a été faite que they were given a promise that; il leur a expliqué le fonctionnement de l'appareil he told them how the machine worked; il leur a fallu faire they had to do; on leur a fait visiter la ville they were shown around the town.B adj poss mf, pl leurs their; elles ressemblent à leur père they look like their father; elles ont pris leur parapluie they took their umbrellas; leur merveille de fille○ their adorable daughter; leur fille à eux○ their daughter; un de leurs amis a friend of theirs; ils sont partis chacun de leur côté they went their separate ways, each went his own way; à leur arrivée/départ when they arrived/left; pendant leur absence while they were away; ils ont fait leur mon point de vue they've adopted my point of view.C le leur, la leur, les leurs pron poss theirs; celui-là, c'est le leur that's theirs; je suis parti de mon côté, eux du leur I went my way and they went theirs; le leur, de jardin, est plus beau○ their garden is nicer; qu'ils aient chacun le leur let them have one each; mes idées ne sont pas les leurs we think differently; ils pensent d'abord aux leurs ( à leur famille) they put their own ou their families first; il est des leurs ( de leur groupe) he's one of them; ils m'ont demandé d'être des leurs they asked me to come along; ils vivent loin des leurs ( de leur famille) they live far away from their families; ils ont encore fait des leurs they've been up to mischief again![lɶr] pronom personnelje leur ai donné la lettre I gave them the letter, I gave the letter to them————————[lɶr] déterminant (adjectif possessif)ils ont pris une valise qui n'était pas la leur they took a suitcase that wasn't theirs ou their ownils ont été aidés, mais ils y ont mis beaucoup du leur they were helped, but they put a lot of effort into it (themselves)
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